What is a significant risk associated with taking aspirin for primary cardiovascular prevention in patients with certain risk factors?

The significant risk associated with taking aspirin for primary cardiovascular prevention, particularly in patients with certain risk factors, is the higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Aspirin is known for its antiplatelet effects, making it beneficial in preventing cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. However, these same antiplatelet properties can compromise the protective mucosal barrier in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to an increased likelihood of bleeding.

The risk of gastrointestinal complications tends to be higher in individuals with predisposing factors, such as those with a history of ulcers or gastrointestinal disorders, older age, or concurrent use of other medications that affect bleeding risk. Therefore, careful assessment is essential when considering aspirin for primary prevention, weighing the cardiovascular benefits against the potential for serious gastrointestinal side effects.

While myocardial infarction, hypertension, and weight gain are recognized health concerns, they are not commonly documented as direct risks of aspirin use for this specific purpose. The cardiovascular benefits of aspirin in high-risk populations may not always outweigh the risks of bleeding, making it critical to evaluate the individual patient’s risk factors before initiating therapy.