What is the appropriate calculation for the number needed to harm (NNH) using the provided risk data for gastrointestinal bleeding?

The number needed to harm (NNH) is a measure used to assess the risk associated with a treatment or intervention, specifically how many patients need to be exposed to a risk factor for one additional adverse event to occur. The calculation of NNH is derived from the formula:

NNH = 1 / (Risk in treated group - Risk in control group)

In this scenario, to arrive at the value of 125, the calculation indicates that for every 125 patients who are exposed to the risk factor or treatment that increases the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding, one additional case of bleeding would occur compared to those not exposed (control group).

An NNH of 125 implies that this intervention does carry a risk, but it's a more measured and balanced consideration against the potential benefits of treatment. This understanding is crucial in clinical practice, as it informs the decision-making process regarding treatment options, weighing the potential harms against expected benefits.

Having an NNH of 125 contributes valuable information to discussions of patient safety and helps healthcare professionals communicate the risks involved with their patients effectively.