What is the most appropriate statistical test for evaluating the effect of different doses of empagliflozin on changes in left ventricular ejection fraction?

The most appropriate statistical test for evaluating the effect of different doses of empagliflozin on changes in left ventricular ejection fraction is the one-way analysis of variance test. This test is designed to compare the means of three or more independent groups—in this case, the different doses of empagliflozin—on a continuous outcome variable, such as left ventricular ejection fraction.

The analysis allows researchers to determine if there are statistically significant differences in the mean ejection fraction changes among the groups receiving different doses, which is critical for assessing dose-dependent effects of the medication.

The other options do not fit the scenario in the same way. The Wilcoxon signed rank test is typically used for comparing paired samples, such as before-and-after measurements on the same subjects, rather than comparing different groups.

A chi-square test is used for categorical data, making it unsuitable for continuous outcome variables like ejection fraction. Meanwhile, a two-sample t-test is used for comparing the means of only two groups rather than multiple doses. Therefore, the one-way ANOVA is the most fitting statistical approach to analyze the data in this context.