What lifestyle modification is most effective for a patient with hypertension to manage and reduce blood pressure?

Regular physical activity is a highly effective lifestyle modification for managing and reducing blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Engaging in consistent physical exercise helps improve cardiovascular health, promotes weight loss, and enhances overall physical fitness, all of which contribute to lower blood pressure levels. Exercise also facilitates better circulation and can improve endothelial function, which is crucial for maintaining vascular health.

Incorporating activities such as walking, running, cycling, or swimming can lead to significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise each week or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise to help achieve optimal blood pressure control.

In contrast, increased sodium intake, smoking, and increased alcohol consumption are associated with elevated blood pressure levels and adverse cardiovascular effects. Therefore, promoting regular physical activity is a cornerstone of hypertension management and is supported by numerous clinical guidelines.